KAKINDA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
I YEAR
IT Workshop
Notes by
S.David Paul (KIET)
1. The Motherboard
Form factors:
· ATX
· microATX
Connects to:
· Microprocessors via
sockets
· Main memory via Slots
· Peripherals via one of
o External ports
o Internal cables
Common Manufacturers:
· ASUS
· Foxconn
· Intel
What is Mother Board?
The main circuit board of a microcomputer. The motherboard contains the connectors for
attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass
storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to
control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive.
Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's
chipset.
Fig .1.3
Notes by David (KIET)
Fig 1.4 Top View of Mother Board Fig 1.5 Rear View
Components of a Motherboard
The motherboard contains many connections for all type of components. Motherboards contain
expansion slots such as the ISA, PCI, AGP and DIMM sockets. It also contains external
connections for your onboard sound card, USB ports, Serial and Parallel ports, PS/2 ports for
your keyboard and mouse as well as network and Firewire connections.
Types of Slots ?
The Motherboard has connectors on it to allow you to add additional controllers to the
motherboard. These were anticipated to be things like display boards, disk controllers, I/O cards,
and others. To facilitate this the Motherboard is configured with connectors. The first ones of
these were known as ISA bus. These connectors allowed the motherboard to be expanded by
adding circuit boards to the motherboard.
ISA (Industry Standard Adapter) - These are the long black slots. They are the oldest and slowest
of the bunch. They support 8 and 16 bit cards (usually stuff like sound cards and modems). You
usually won't even find these on newer computers.
PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) - These are the current "standard" expansion slot. They
support 32 bit cards, transfer data quickly, and take up less space on the motherboard. Usually
white in color.
Notes by David (KIET)
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port ) - This is a newer type of slot and it's designed for video cards.
It bypasses the slower PCI & ISA slots and provides better / faster 3D video.
PS/2 connector
The
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